神仙、老虎、狗

姓名 / 暱稱：Rudolf Wang
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張 貼 主 題：曼斯坦元帥談軍人與政治(中英對照)
張 貼 時 間：2002/09/05 03:06

關於軍人跟政治，想請大家看曼斯坦元帥（Generalfeldmarschall Erich von Manstein）的兩段話。第一段是在他身為頓河集團軍司令時，情況爛到極點（其實情況爛是希特勒自己擺爛的結果）的時後；第二段話是他在回憶錄中談到他對於暗殺希特勒事件的看法。

"The first point is that a senior commander is not more able to pack and go. …… The soldier in the field is not in the pleasant position of a politician, who is always at liberty to climb off the band-wagon when things go wrong or the line taken by the Government does not suit him. A Soldier has to fight where and when he is ordered. There are admittedly cases where a senior commander cannot reconcile it with his responsibilities to carry out an order he had been given. …… No general can vindicate the loss of a battle by claiming that he was compelled - against his better judgement - to execute an order that led to defeat. In this case the only course open to him is disobedience, for which he is answerable with he head. Success will usually decide whether he was right or not."
重點是一個資深指揮官不能就這麼打包辭職。……戰場上的軍人並沒有政客那麼好的情況，可以任意隨興地支持一件事然後在事情一有苗頭不對或是政府的情形不適合的他們時候就離開。軍人必須在他被指定的崗位上奮鬥。明白地說，很多例子說明了一個上級主官不能夠配合或執行他責任所賦予的要求。……沒有一位將軍能辯稱他是因為被迫接受違背他自己比較好的判斷而執行命令因此輸掉戰爭。在次情形下唯一可以論斷的是他的抗命，也就是他對他的領導有責任。成功將說明他是對是錯。
（Hitler's Generals (Correlli Barnett, 1989), P. 234）

"As one responsible for an army group in the field I did not feel that I had the right to contemplate a coup d' état in wartime because in my view it would have led to an immediate collapse of the front and probably to chaos inside Germany. Apart from this, there was always the question of the military oath and the admissibility of murder for politifcal motives. As I said at my trail,: 'No senior military commander can for years on end expect his soldiers to lay down their lives for victory and then precipitate defeat by his own hand.'"
出於身為戰場上的集團軍司令的責任，我不認為我有權利在戰時去發動一個政變；因為我從我的觀點，這會導致立即的戰線崩潰與而德國內部的災禍。除此之外，關於軍人的宣誓以及政治性謀殺也是常常被問到的問題。正如我在審判（註：紐倫堡大審）時所說過的：「沒有一個資深軍事指揮官可以長年地希望他的士兵為了勝利犧牲性命然後去參與一個他自己一手造成的失敗
。」

（Hitler's Generals (Correlli Barnett, 1989), P. 243）

原文引自：
Barneett, Correlli, Hitler's Generals, 1989, Grove Weidenfeld, New York
（這本書麥田出版有中譯本，但是原文被節錄，而且原書的參考書目也不見列舉。） <<<<中文翻得不太，好請見諒 !>>>>

2002年
神仙、老虎、狗
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